Number |
Work-based learning outcome |
Title |
Knowledge |
1 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
Control infection risks in accordance with departmental protocols. |
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Control infection risks in accordance with departmental protocols.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Protocols and requirements for hygiene and infection control related to the relevant range of procedures, including preparation, conduct and completion of procedure.
- Protocol for hand washing and how effective hand washing contributes to control of infection.
|
2 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
Minimise risks and hazards in compliance with health and safety policies. |
View
Minimise risks and hazards in compliance with health and safety policies.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- The relevant health and safety regulations specific to the cardiac procedure.
- The potential hazards and risks and the actions to be taken to minimise these.
- Relevant guidelines.
|
3 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 |
Treat patients in a way that respects their dignity, rights, privacy and confidentiality at all times. |
View
Treat patients in a way that respects their dignity, rights, privacy and confidentiality at all times.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- The rights of the patient with regard to privacy and dignity, confidentiality of consultation and medical records.
- Requirements of patients with disabilities and special needs.
- Key factors influencing dignity, rights, privacy and confidentiality, including age, gender, culture and beliefs.
|
4 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 |
Review a suitably completed request form. Greet the patient, check patient identity and ensure that the patient’s identity is confirmed as correct and fully identified on each type of recording system for each procedure. |
View
Review a suitably completed request form. Greet the patient, check patient identity and ensure that the patient’s identity is confirmed as correct and fully identified on each type of recording system for each procedure.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- The requirements for correct completion of request forms and how to validate the request.
- The importance of checking and confirming the patient identity and the implications of not doing so.
- Confirm compliance with pre-test instructions, if appropriate.
|
5 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
Select suitable technology for the procedure, choosing and adapting the appropriate diagnostic technique, patient position, machine settings and transducer for each patient. |
View
Select suitable technology for the procedure, choosing and adapting the appropriate diagnostic technique, patient position, machine settings and transducer for each patient.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Factors influencing the choice of technology for cardiac ultrasound imaging.
- Clinical indications for and contraindications to cardiac ultrasound imaging for patients with cardiac disease.
|
6 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
Set up appropriate equipment in preparation for each type of procedure, including resuscitation equipment where appropriate.
Calibrate where necessary. |
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Set up appropriate equipment in preparation for each type of procedure, including resuscitation equipment where appropriate.
Calibrate where necessary.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Range of equipment used, relative merits and principles of measurement, including:
- recognition of the errors or potential risks of using defective equipment in clinical practice and the implications of use
- the application of relevant troubleshooting skills
- identification of common faults and remedial action
- current safety standards, including safety testing and routine maintenance
- requirements for set-up and calibration specific to that procedure.
- preparation of life support equipment, where appropriate.
|
7 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
Explain the full procedure to the patient and address any questions they may have relating to the procedure. |
View
Explain the full procedure to the patient and address any questions they may have relating to the procedure.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- The pathophysiology of the heart and the appropriate choice of procedure, considering the findings from the history and clinical examination.
- Common questions and concerns of patients about procedures.
- Requirements for patient compliance with procedures, including pre- test instructions.
- Risks and benefits of undertaking the procedure.
- The information needs of patients pre, during and post procedure.
- The authority level for provision of information to patients.
|
8 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
Gain informed consent. |
View
Gain informed consent.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- The importance of explaining the procedure to the patient and gaining informed consent.
- The relevant procedures and requirements for patient conformance.
- Clinical indications for and contraindications to cardiac ultrasound imaging.
- Principles, guidance and law with respect to informed consent.
|
9 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
Obtain a clinical history as appropriate for each procedure. |
View
Obtain a clinical history as appropriate for each procedure.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Framework for clinical history taking.
- Normal and abnormal pathology of the heart and associated structures.
- Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of cardiac disease.
- Possible sources of clinical history information.
|
10 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
Take appropriate action to respond to the specific needs of the patient, as defined by department protocol. |
View
Take appropriate action to respond to the specific needs of the patient, as defined by department protocol.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Recognition of the contraindications to testing prior to the test, as defined by department protocol.
- Appropriate action to be taken in the event of adverse or unexpected events/responses.
- The range of needs of people with disabilities within a typical care pathway for a patient with cardiac disease.
|
11 |
1,8 |
Generate high-quality ultrasound images and take accurate measurements to assess cardiac function. |
View
Generate high-quality ultrasound images and take accurate measurements to assess cardiac function.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Basic measures of systolic function velocity time integral (VTI), fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); differentiation of diastolic filling patterns; complications after myocardial infarction; causes of a hypokinetic left ventricle.
- Features associated with cardiac conditions:
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- hypertensive heart disease
- replacement heart values, including paraprosthetic regurgitation and prosthetic regurgitation.
|
12 |
2,8 |
Generate high-quality ultrasound images and take accurate measurements to assess the mitral valve using 2D planimetry, pressure half-time, gradient, severity of regurgitation, chamber size and signal density, proximal flow acceleration and vena contracta. |
View
Generate high-quality ultrasound images and take accurate measurements to assess the mitral valve using 2D planimetry, pressure half-time, gradient, severity of regurgitation, chamber size and signal density, proximal flow acceleration and vena contracta.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Echocardiographic features associated with mitral valve disease, including:
- rheumatic disease on the mitral valve
- mitral valve prolapse
- functional mitral regurgitation.
- Echocardiographic assessment of severity of regurgitation.
- Types of replacement heart valves and the advantages and disadvantages of each type.
|
13 |
3,8 |
Generate high-quality ultrasound images and take accurate measurements to assess the aortic valve, and recognise a significantly stenotic aortic valve deriving peak and mean gradients using continuous wave Doppler and measuring valve area using the continuity equation. |
View
Generate high-quality ultrasound images and take accurate measurements to assess the aortic valve, and recognise a significantly stenotic aortic valve deriving peak and mean gradients using continuous wave Doppler and measuring valve area using the continuity equation.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Echocardiographic features associated with aortic valve disease, including:
- bicuspid, rheumatic and degenerative disease
- dilation of the ascending aorta
- aortic dissection
- replacement heart values, including paraprosthetic and prosthetic regurgitation.
- Echocardiographic assessment of severity of regurgitation.
|
14 |
4,8 |
Generate high-quality ultrasound images and take accurate measurements to assess the right ventricle, recognising right ventricular dilatation, and estimate pulmonary artery systolic pressure and right atrial pressure from the appearance of the inferior vena cava. |
View
Generate high-quality ultrasound images and take accurate measurements to assess the right ventricle, recognising right ventricular dilatation, and estimate pulmonary artery systolic pressure and right atrial pressure from the appearance of the inferior vena cava.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Echocardiographic features associated with abnormalities of the right ventricle, including:
- pulmonary stenosis
- tricuspid stenosis
- heart failure.
|
15 |
5,8 |
Generate high-quality ultrasound images and take accurate measurements to assess patients with suspected infective endocarditis, a cardiac mass and pericardial disease, judging the route for pericardiocentesis. |
View
Generate high-quality ultrasound images and take accurate measurements to assess patients with suspected infective endocarditis, a cardiac mass and pericardial disease, judging the route for pericardiocentesis.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Echocardiographic features of:
- typical vegetations
- an abscess
- valve complications, e.g. perforation
- left atrial myxoma
- left ventricular thrombus and trabeculation
- pleural and pericardial effusion
- tamponade and restrictive physiology.
- Differentiation between pericardial constriction and restrictive myopathy.
- Route and procedure for pericardiocentesis.
|
16 |
6,8 |
Generate high-quality ultrasound images and take accurate measurements to assess adult patients with a secundum atrial septal defect and calculate a shunt. |
View
Generate high-quality ultrasound images and take accurate measurements to assess adult patients with a secundum atrial septal defect and calculate a shunt.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Echocardiographic features of secundum atrial septal defects.
- Cardiac embryology.
- Catheter/surgical treatment of atrial septal defects.
- Calculation of shunts.
|
17 |
7 |
Generate ultrasound images and recognise clinically relevant abnormality in critically unwell patients. |
View
Generate ultrasound images and recognise clinically relevant abnormality in critically unwell patients.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Echocardiographic findings in pulmonary embolus, trauma, underfilling, sepsis and mechanical ventilation.
|
18 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 |
Review the results from each test, taking into account artefacts, necessary adjustments of values and planned/unplanned events occurring during the test. |
View
Review the results from each test, taking into account artefacts, necessary adjustments of values and planned/unplanned events occurring during the test.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Identification of common artefacts.
- The effect and implications of artefacts on the procedure results and the actions needed to be taken to rectify them.
|
19 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 |
Compare the values/traces obtained with the normal range/values related to the procedure. |
View
Compare the values/traces obtained with the normal range/values related to the procedure.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Normal/abnormal left ventricular systolic function, including wall motion abnormalities and myocardial segments.
|
20 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 |
Produce a clear written report of the procedure. |
View
Produce a clear written report of the procedure.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Requirements for content and format of reports for cardiac ultrasound procedures.
|
21 |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 |
Actively seek accurate and validated information related to evidence-based best practice with respect to cardiac ultrasound imaging. |
View
Actively seek accurate and validated information related to evidence-based best practice with respect to cardiac ultrasound imaging.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Sources of relevant information and methods of access.
|
22 |
9 |
Present the findings of a critical review of current published research literature for general cardiac ultrasound and related topics, incorporating evidence-based practice at your local departmental meeting. |
View
Present the findings of a critical review of current published research literature for general cardiac ultrasound and related topics, incorporating evidence-based practice at your local departmental meeting.
Knowledge and skills you might demonstrate
- Critical analysis and literature review.
- Evidence-based practice.
- Presentation skills.
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